Diagnostics
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Nano-engineered surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for probing tissue-material interactions
Innovation in biomaterials has brought both breakthroughs and new challenges in medicine, as implant materials have become increasingly multifunctional and complex. One of the greatest issues is the difficulty in assessing the temporal and multidimensional dynamics of tissue-implant interactions. Implant biology remains hard to decipher without a noninvasive and multiplexed technique that can accurately monitor…
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Towards Breath Based Diagnostics via Water-mediated Capture of Synthetic Breath Biomarkers in SERS-active Plasmonic Nanogaps
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are valuable health indicators, with synthetic breath biomarkers offering rapid and disease-specific diagnostics. However, their <100 ppb level exhalation requires mass spectrometry, limiting clinical integration. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers a portable, cost-effective alternative. Yet, detecting synthetic breath biomarkers, with inherently low Raman cross-sections, at <100 ppb remains challenging. We demonstrate…
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SpectroGen: A physically informed generative artificial intelligence for accelerated cross-modality spectroscopic materials characterization
Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven materials discovery offers rapid design of novel material compositions, yet synthesis and characterization lag behind. Characterization, in particular, remains bottlenecked by labor-intensive experiments using expert-operated instruments that typically rely on electromagnetic spectroscopy. We introduce SpectroGen, a generative AI model for transmodality spectral generation, designed to accelerate materials characterization. SpectroGen generates high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise…
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Interplay of Electrostatic Interaction and Steric Repulsion between Bacteria and Gold Surface Influences Raman Enhancement
Plasmonic nanostructures have wide applications in photonics including pathogen detection and diagnosis via Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Despite major role plasmonics play in signal enhancement, electrostatics in SERS is yet to be fully understood and harnessed. Here, we perform a systematic study of electrostatic interactions between 785 nm resonant gold nanorods designed to harbor zeta…
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Polymer-coated beads serving as Raman reporter for simultaneous target binding and identification
Methods of detection are provided, comprising (i) obtaining a. sample, wherein the sample comprises target selected from biological cells and viruses; (ii) incubating the sample with polymer-coated magnetic beads to produce bead-target complexes; (iii) analyzing the bead-target complexes by Raman spectroscopy to produce a spectrograph; and (iv) detecting the presence of the bead-target complexes by…
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Universal Spectral Transfer with Physical Prior-Informed Deep Generative Learning
Spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique for characterizing matter across physical and biological realms1-5. However, its fundamental principle necessitates specialized instrumentation per physical phenomena probed, limiting broad adoption and use in all relevant research. In this study, we introduce SpectroGen, a novel physical prior-informed deep generative model for generating relevant spectral signatures across modalities using…
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From Genotype to Phenotype: Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning for Label-Free Single-Cell Analysis
Raman spectroscopy has made significant progress in biosensing and clinical research. Here, we describe how surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assisted with machine learning (ML) can expand its capabilities to enable interpretable insights into the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome at the single-cell level. We first review how advances in nanophotonics–including plasmonics, metamaterials, and metasurfaces–enhance Raman scattering…
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Rapid, antibiotic incubation-free determination of tuberculosis drug resistance using machine learning and Raman spectroscopy
Tuberculosis (TB) is the world’s deadliest infectious disease, with over 1.5 million deathsand 10 million new cases reported anually. The causative organism Mycobacterium tuber-culosis (Mtb) can take nearly 40 d to culture, a required step to determine the pathogen’santibiotic susceptibility. Both rapid identification and rapid antibiotic susceptibility testingof Mtb are essential for effective patient treatment…
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MicrobioRaman: an open-access web repository for microbiological Raman spectroscopy data
Here we present the establishment of an open-access web-based repository for microbiological Raman spectroscopy data. The data collection, called ‘MicrobioRaman’ (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/MicrobioRaman/studies), was inspired by the great success and usefulness of research databases such as GenBank and UniProt. This centralized repository, residing within the BioStudies database1 — which is maintained by a public institution, the European Bioinformatics…
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Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) Improves Classification Accuracy of Bacterial Raman Spectral Data Enabling Portable Diagnostics
Antimicrobial resistance is expected to claim 10 million lives per year by 2050, and resource-limited regions are most affected. Raman spectroscopy is a novel pathogen diagnostic approach promising rapid and portable antibiotic resistance testing within a few hours, compared to days when using gold standard methods. However, current algorithms for Raman spectra analysis 1) are…